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[求助]毕业论文

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楼主
发表于 2006-9-15 11:29 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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求助染整方面的毕业论文  <img src="images/smilies/smile.gif" smilieid="1" border="0" alt="" />
沙发
发表于 2006-9-15 14:05 | 只看该作者
用来作什么?
3
发表于 2006-9-15 14:44 | 只看该作者
当然是用来做参考的啦&nbsp;&nbsp;难道还用来做研究<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;我有我们班毕业的时候的毕业论文&nbsp; &nbsp; 你需要哪方面的&nbsp;&nbsp;我看看 有没有人做&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;如果是工厂设计&nbsp;&nbsp;从7000万-1.1亿&nbsp;&nbsp;我们都有人做&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;我可以帮你弄份&nbsp;&nbsp;做参考&nbsp; &nbsp;有需要E-Mail我
4
 楼主| 发表于 2006-9-15 20:44 | 只看该作者
真的啊 那先谢谢你拉 只要与染整有关的都可以啊  我的email:sanyanstar@163.com
5
发表于 2006-9-15 22:54 | 只看该作者
是用来干嘛的啊?
6
发表于 2007-4-21 23:24 | 只看该作者
我也要一分的呀~!我的邮箱是:qq547047567@163.com
7
发表于 2007-4-25 16:01 | 只看该作者
毕&nbsp;&nbsp;业&nbsp;&nbsp;设&nbsp;&nbsp;计 <br /><br />(理工类)<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br />题&nbsp; &nbsp;目:棉及棉型织物印花厂3500万米/年<br />学院(直属系):染化与环境工程系<br />专&nbsp; &nbsp; 业:染整工艺<br />年&nbsp; &nbsp; 级:染专042<br />学生姓名:马雪丽<br />学&nbsp; &nbsp; 号:20040620102234<br />指导教师:李远惠<br />日&nbsp; &nbsp; 期:&nbsp;&nbsp;2007&nbsp;&nbsp;年1 月<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;教务处制<br /><br /><br />棉及棉型织物印花厂3500万米/年<br /><br />摘要:自从加入WTO,我国的纺织行业取的很大的发展。由于纺织印染行业的污染较严重,欧盟地区的大部分国家都决定从中国进口纺织。这给中国的纺织行业带来了很大的动力。根据我国现阶段纺织品印染行业虽然现在较多,但大多数产品加工尚还没有突破传统工艺的框框,加上技术装备陈旧,染整产品色差严重,斜纬,缩水超标,满足不了服装行业的高中档服装面料的要求,没有自己的品牌,不仅印染产品出口竞争受限制,而且国内市场也在逐步丢失的情况,特设计一家生产棉及棉型织物且年生产能力在3500万米左右的新型印花厂,以供参考。<br /> 一、总论<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设计的指导思想:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;以创造经济效益为中心,保证产品质量和产品销量,各车间运转协调为根本,从实际出发,做到先进,实用,经济,可靠,实现产品的专业化生产和精细加工,保障产品的高档次,形成规模生产能力,染整设备选择充分注意与染整工艺技术相结合,与纺织品市场的需求相结合,与技术创新相结合,产品要符合国际标准<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设计依据:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在目前我国市场经济体制逐渐健全和完善的时候,一个企业能否生存和发展下去,关键在于市场,以及企业自身的生产,经营,管理能力,本设计根据当前市场的要求以及今后市场的多变和高档次趋向进行设计。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厂址概况:<br />⑴自然条件:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;印染厂厂址选在离天门市10公里左右的郊区,面临省一级公路,且地势平坦,处于城镇居民区的下风向和河流的下游。土壤分布均匀,以砂及黏土的混合物为主,土壤耐压力在15吨/每平方米以上,厂址的地下水位在车间地面标准高2.5米以下。该地区不属于地震区,一年四季的气候不会对生产产生影响,水源也很充分。是一块建设印染厂的好地址。<br />⑵技术经济条件<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;厂址靠近纺织厂,接近消费中心,靠近电力网,由水电厂直接供电。交通运输条件也很好。建筑材料供应条件以及施工条件都能得到保证。<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工厂规模及设计方案<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工厂规模:<br />根据对市场的深入调查及自身实力评估,决定设计一个年产量在3500万米万米的棉及棉型产品的印染厂,进行平布及斜纹织物的加工,以满足市场多品种、高质量的要求。<br /><br />2、产品方案的确定<br /><br />:<br />布种&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 序号&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 幅宽/cm&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纱支/tex&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 密度<br />根/cm&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 年产量/百万米&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 无浆干重g/㎡&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加工种类分配/百万米<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 经纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纬纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 经纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纬纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印花<br />纯棉布25百万米每年&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 粗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />140&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 42&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 42&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 228&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 204&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 180.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />10<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 中&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 29&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 29&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 236&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 236&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 135&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 细&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 267&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 236&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 96.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 细纺&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 377&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 346&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纱府绸&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J16&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J16&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 480&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 275&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 半线卡其&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 160&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 32&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 32&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 466&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 214&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 217.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2<br />涤棉混纺布10(百万米每年)涤:棉<br />65:35&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 细布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 433&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 299&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 99.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 府绸&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 523&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 283&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 110.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 卡其&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 100&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 520&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 275&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 160.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 床单布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 140&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 566&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 283&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 214.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1<br /><br /><br />3、各品种加工工艺流程及重点工艺分析<br /><br /> (一)、选择生产方法和工艺流程应考虑的主要因素:<br /><br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加工质量:产品的有关加工质量指标能否达到显示要求是选择生产方法工艺流程的首要考虑因素。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 技术的先进性和成熟程度。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备性能的可靠性。按照所选生产方法配置的然整设备性能必须满足工艺要求。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加工成本,生产方法和工艺流程影响产品的加工成本。<br />5. 对调整产品的适应性,根据市场要求的变化应及时调整产品种类,所选的生产方法和工艺流程对此应有一定的灵活性和适应性。<br /><br /><br />(二)工艺流程:<br />1、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白布:<br />棉布:<br />(1)本光:坯布准备→烧毛→退浆→煮练→漂白→开轧烘→拉幅→扎光→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br />(2).丝光: 坯布准备→烧毛→退浆→煮练→漂白→开轧烘→丝光→漂白→开轧烘→拉幅→扎光→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br /><br />涤棉混纺布<br />(1)坯布准备→烧毛→退浆→煮练→氧漂→(烘干)→丝光→烘干→涤增白→(焙烘)→定型→氧漂兼增白→开轧烘→拉幅→扎光→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br />(2)坯布准备→退浆→煮练→氧漂→涤增白→(焙烘)→定型→烧毛→丝光→氧漂兼增白→开轧烘→拉幅→扎光→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br />2、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印花布:<br />⑴棉布: 坯布准备→烧毛→退浆→煮练→漂白→开轧烘→丝光→烘干→印花→固着→树脂整理→拉幅→(轧光)→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br />⑵涤棉混纺布: 坯布准备→烧毛→退浆→煮练→氧漂→烘干→定型兼涤加白≒丝光→烘干→印花→固着→树脂整理→拉幅定型→(轧光)→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br />注:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.≒表示工艺程序可以对调。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.漂白布定型时可以兼涤纶增白剂发色,但须注意白度与定型效果;用双氧水复漂时,可以同浴进行棉增白。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.色地印花布不需涤加白。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.使用收缩率不同的涤纶纤维混纺坯布,在湿加工过程中,往往会产生裙裥皱,可采用原布或退浆后定型。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.涤棉混纺布应平幅加工。<br /><br />注意事项:<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤棉混纺织物退浆、煮练、漂白工艺一般均为平幅加工。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤面煮练漂白剂有氯酸钠及双氧水两种,均兼有煮练及漂白作用。亚氯酸钠功效较好,一次即可完成煮练、漂白作用。双氧水一般则需要两次。采用亚氯酸钠可使织物白度纯正,能除去棉纤维中杂质。但对设备有腐蚀性,不利于劳动保护,且成本高,目前绝大多数工厂均采用双氧水作为煮漂用剂。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤棉混纺织物的退浆、煮练、漂白工艺有多种,目前漂布均采用碱、氯、氧或碱氧、氧工艺,浅中色及印花布一般亦采用碱、氯、氧或碱氧、氧工艺,深色布采用碱、氧或碱氧、氧工艺。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白织物的涤棉增白、焙烘、定形三道工序亦可同时进行,但漂白的效果不理想,一般以分开为宜。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 丝光、定形两道工序,孰先孰后,各有短长,先丝光后定形工艺路线较顺,而且丝光时产生的一些皱条可以在定形时得到纠正,因此布面比较平整,有利于以后加工,但是定形后布边的针铗印,在染色、印花中布边易产生白点,须增加一道平洗烘燥工序。因此只要丝光设备状态良好,丝光后布面平整,先定形后丝光能消除布的内应力,染色均匀。故以采用先定形后丝光的工艺路线为好。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 色地印花布可以不经漂白。<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 的坯布应该按:漂白布及浅色布、中色布及印花布、深色布三类分档管理,不可混用。漂白布、浅色布对油污斑渍极为敏感,要求较高,即使有轻微油污斑渍亦要求洗净后方可使用,而对于轻微的横档及条影在成品上表现不明显的,一般可不予考虑。中色布及印花布对于极轻微油污斑渍及轻微条影均可适当放宽。深色布对于一般油污斑渍染色后可给予遮盖,而对于条影横档要求严格,因此在纺织厂应该按此要求分别成包,标明记号。而印染厂更须对号使用,不可混淆。<br />(三)、重点工艺的说明:<br />坯布准备:包括原布检验、翻布(分批、分箱、打印)、缝头<br /><br />(1)、原布准备:<br />坯布在进行加工时必须进行检验、其目的是检查来布的质量、对发现的问题能采取措施予以解决,检验内容包括物理指标和外观疵病。<br />(2)、翻布:<br />现在染整加工的特点是小批量、多品种。为了便于管理,避免混乱,要将进行相同工艺加工的同规格原布化为一类并加以分批、分箱。要求堆布整齐,布头不要拉漏,正反要一致。每箱上都附有分箱卡片,标明批号、箱号、原布品种等,以便于管理和检查。<br />(3)、缝头:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;为了适应印染厂的连续化生产,要将翻好的布逐箱逐匹用缝纫机缝接起来,缝头的要求是平直、坚牢、边齐、针脚一致,不漏针、跳针。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 目前常用的缝头大多采用环缝式,有两根线、三根线两种。<br /><br />常用针迹密度要求:<br />稀薄织物:40~45针/10cm<br />一般织物:35~40针/10cm<br />厚重织物:30~35针/10cm<br />缝头两头留线长度3~4cm<br />缝线常用规格14tex×6(42英支/6)或28tex×4(21英支/4)。薄织物及卷染织物用10tex×6(60英支/6)纯棉线。化纤织物采用相应的化纤线。<br />为防止卷边,逢头两边要加缝包角布。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />原布疵病对印染加工的影响及处理方法<br /><br /><br />类别<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />重点检验项目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />处理方法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />备注<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />漂白布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 污渍<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 油经、油纬、<br />油飞花<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 铁锈<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织入杂物或<br />金属物<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 色纱(非约定<br />用染色纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 手工洗涤或用压缩空气枪<br />喷射去油剂<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 少量的油飞花用手工挑去;<br />油经、油纬纱用手工洗涤<br />或用压缩空气枪喷射去油污;严重的改作深色染色布<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用温热草酸液或氟化氢铵<br />液洗去,洗后用清水净<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用手工剔除<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 先做小样漂白试验,如不能去除,改作染色或印花布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />印花布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 拖纱<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 稀弄<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织入杂物或金属物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 手工修剪<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 严重的须开剪后重缝<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 手工剔除&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;烧毛<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />织物在纺织过程中,使布面形成长短不一的绒毛层,不仅使织物表面不光洁,影响外观,容易玷污,同时给染整加工带来麻烦麻烦。因此,除特殊品种外,都要求进行烧毛。<br /><br />烧毛流程:进布→刷毛→烧毛→灭火→落布<br />项&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 气体烧毛机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 铜板烧毛机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 圆筒烧毛机<br /><br />烧毛面&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 稀薄织物<br />一般织物<br />单面织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一正一反<br />二正一反<br />三正一反(或四反)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ——<br />二正一反<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;三反&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ——<br />二正二反<br />二正二反<br /><br />布速<br />m/min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 稀薄织物<br />一般织物<br />单面织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 100~140<br />80~100<br />60~80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ——<br />80~120<br />50~80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ——<br />100~140<br />70~100<br /><br />烧毛接触面<br />cm&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />稀薄织物<br />一般织物<br />单面织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物与还原焰距离:<br />1~1.2<br />0.8~1.0<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 0.5~0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物与铜板接触:<br />——<br />4~5<br />5~7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物与圆筒接触:<br />——<br />4~5<br />5~7<br />温度/℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 800~1200&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;750~850&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;700~800<br /><br />注意事项:<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 刷毛辊要定时清洁,防止纱头缠附表面影响烧毛效果。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进布要齐,防止产生卷边、折皱、以免造成烧毛不匀和染色布烧毛条花。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 气体烧毛时应控制可燃性气体与空气之比例。通常是观察火焰,如呈光亮的青蓝色并平稳燃烧为正常;呈橙黄色为空气量不足;蓝色火焰过短且不稳定为空气量过大。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 气体火焰成不连续状态时,说明火口局部阻塞,可用薄钢片疏通。如火口变形,应刨平两侧铁板。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 使用铜板或圆筒烧毛机烧毛时,应经常检查铜板或圆筒两端热表面的光亮程度,如呈暗红色,表明温度不够。铜板、圆筒表面要保持平整光洁,表面氧化膜要及时清除,以免产生烧毛条花。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 经常检查出布质量,主要是织物烧毛效果;也要注意局部或连续性疵病,如烧毛不匀、破洞等。涤纶混纺布更应注意织物落布温度、手感以及布幅收缩情况。如烧毛过度,一般会发生手感发硬,布幅收缩过大,断裂强力特别是撕破强力显著下降。<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 没有自控装置的气体烧毛机,运转中发生故障或停车时,应先关闭供气阀门后关车,最后关鼓风机。铜板或圆筒烧毛机发生故障时,应立即移动导布杠杆,使织物与赤热金属表面脱离,防止布匹烧断。<br /> <br />常见烧毛疵病及克服方法<br /><br />疵病现象&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />产&nbsp; &nbsp;生&nbsp; &nbsp;原&nbsp; &nbsp;因&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />克&nbsp; &nbsp;服&nbsp;&nbsp;方&nbsp; &nbsp;法<br /><br /><br /><br />烧毛不净<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 内焰与布距离过大,铜板或圆筒温度不够<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 车速过快<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烘燥、刷毛装置未发挥作用&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调节内焰高度或铜板、圆筒温度<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 减慢速度<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 清洁毛刷与金刚砂辊,调整与织物的接触面,提高烘燥效果<br />烧毛过度<br />(烧焦,涤纶变硬或熔化,或布幅收缩过多)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烧毛时温度过高或织物稀薄,火口多<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤纶、维纶混纺布烧毛时,织物主体温度过高<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 车速太慢&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调节火焰温度,调整烧毛面次数<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强火口间的吹风冷却<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加快车速<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 使用冷水辊筒<br /><br />烧毛不匀<br />(烧毛条花或左右不匀)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 火口阻塞或变形,铜板、圆筒表面不平<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 铜板、圆筒两端温度不一致<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布褶皱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 疏通火口或校正火口缝隙,或刨平火口两侧铁板<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 锉平铜板或车平圆筒<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改进操作<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调节进布张力导辊,保持吸边器灵活<br />烧毛破洞或豁边&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 拖纱、边纱、棉结等燃烧后未及时熄灭<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 火星落在布面上,未及时熄灭<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽油汽化不良,有油滴喷至布面<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 车速太慢&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 缩短火口与灭火距离<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 使用蒸汽灭火装置<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调换雾化喷头或提高汽化温度<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加快车速<br /><br />退浆<br />退浆是织物练漂前的重要过程,它不仅可以去除织物上的浆料,而且还可以去除棉纤维上部分杂质,原布经纱上浆的浆料,由于纤维品种增多和粮食节约代用等原因,浆料的品种不断增加,除天然淀粉类浆料外,还广泛使用合成浆料以及将几种浆料混合使用.所以退浆方法,应根据织物上浆料组成成分和产品特点选择,以利提高退浆效果.<br />织物经退浆后,一般要求退浆率在80%以上,或织物上残浆量小于1%.<br /><br />常用退浆工艺<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 酶退浆及酸酶退浆<br />条件<br /><br />方法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />工 艺 程 序&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />用量<br />g/m&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp;温度<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp;时间<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; h&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />PH值<br /><br /><br />酶<br />退<br />浆<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 保 温<br />堆 置<br />法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 浸轧温水—浸轧(或喷)酶液—堆置—水&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 淀 粉 酶 <br />(2000倍)<br />1~2<br />食盐5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 温水65~75<br />轧酶55~60<br />堆置40~50&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;堆置<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;2~4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /> 6~7<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 高 温<br />汽 蒸<br />法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 浸轧温水—浸轧(或喷)酶液—汽蒸—水&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 淀 粉 酶 <br />(2000倍)<br />1~2<br />食盐5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 温水65~75<br />轧酶55~60<br />汽蒸100~102&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;汽蒸<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;2~5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /> 6~7<br />酶<br />酸<br />退<br />浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 常 用<br />保 温<br />堆 置<br />法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />酶退浆—水洗—轧酸—堆置—水洗<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 淀 粉 酶 <br />(2000倍)<br />1~2<br />食盐5<br />硫酸3~5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />酶退浆同上<br />轧酸30左右&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />酶退浆同上<br />轧酸堆置<br />0.5~0.75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />6~7<br /><br />二、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 碱退浆及碱酸退浆<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;条件<br />方法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />工 艺 流 程&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 用量<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;g/m&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 温度<br />℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;堆置时间<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h<br /><br /><br />碱<br />退<br />浆<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />平<br />幅<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 堆置法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧碱—堆置—热水洗—水洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烧碱14~18<br />润湿剂1~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧碱60~70<br />热水洗80以上&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0.5~1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽蒸法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧碱—汽蒸—热水洗—水洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烧碱8~12<br />润湿剂1~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧碱60~70<br />汽蒸100~102&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0.5~0.75<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />绳状&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅轧碱—绳状轧碱—堆置—水洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烧碱:<br />平幅4~6<br />绳状5~10<br />润湿剂1~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />平幅4~6<br />绳状5~10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 4~6<br /><br /><br />碱酸退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅轧碱—绳状轧碱—堆置—水洗—轧酸—堆置—水洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烧碱:<br />平幅3~5<br />绳状6~8<br />润湿剂1~2<br />硫酸3~5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />绳状70~80<br />平幅85~90<br />轧酸30左右&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />轧碱0.5~1<br />轧酸0.5~1<br /><br />三、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 氧化剂退浆<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;条件<br />方法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />工 艺 程 序&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;浓度<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 温度<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; ℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;堆置时间<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ph值<br /><br /><br />双氧水|烧碱退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;冷<br /><br />堆<br /><br />法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />浸轧退浆液—堆置—高温水洗—冷洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水(35%)5~10<br />稳定剂3~5<br />烧碱15~20<br />润湿剂1~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />堆置25±5<br />高温水洗90以上&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2~4h&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />—<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;汽<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;蒸<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />浸轧退浆液—汽蒸—热水洗—冷洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水(35%)4~6<br />稳定剂2~4<br />烧碱10~15<br />润湿剂2~4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />汽蒸100~102<br />热洗80~85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;汽蒸20~30min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />—<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;二<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;浴<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />浸轧双氧水—浸轧碱液—热水洗—冷洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水(35%)4~6<br />稳定剂2~4<br />烧碱适量<br />润湿剂2~4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水40~50<br />碱液70~80<br />热洗80~85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; ——&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水浴6.5<br /><br />过<br />硫<br />酸<br />碱<br />退<br />浆<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;冷<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;堆<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 浸轧退浆液—堆置—热水洗—冷洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 过硫酸盐2~5<br />烧碱25~40<br />润湿剂1~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 堆置25±5<br />热水洗80~85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp;2~4h&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />—<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;汽<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;蒸<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />浸轧退浆液—汽蒸—热水洗—冷洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />过硫酸盐2~5<br />烧碱25~40<br />润湿剂1~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />汽蒸100~102<br />热洗80~85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;30~60min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />—<br /><br />常用退浆方法的品种适应性及优缺点<br />退浆方法&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 品种适应性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 优缺点<br />酶退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用于以淀粉上浆及以淀粉为主与其他浆料混合上浆的各类植物园.特别适用于以淀粉为主上浆的粘纤、富纤布以及用语染色苯胺黑棉布的退浆.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.去除淀粉浆料效果较差<br />2.时间短<br />3.天然杂志去除较少<br />酶酸退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用于上浆率较大,退浆要求较高的淀粉上浆及淀粉为主与其他浆料混合上浆的棉布、粘纤、富纤布等织物退浆.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.去除淀粉浆料较净<br />2.酸退浆时,如工艺条件控制不当,会造成织物损伤<br />碱退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用于以化学浆料(为P.V.A等)上浆及以化学浆料为主与其他浆料混合使用上浆的各类植物园<br />用于以淀粉或淀粉为主,上浆率较低的织物.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.烧碱可利用煮练或咝光废碱,成本低.<br />2.可以去除棉纤维上的部分杂质<br />3.用淀粉上浆织物碱退浆的效果不及酶退浆.<br />碱酸退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.用于淀粉及以淀粉为主与其他浆料混合上浆的棉布<br />2.用于含杂较多的棉布,如低级棉布等<br />3.用于对渗透要求较高的紧密织物,如府绸等.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1,去除棉纤维杂质及矿物质效率较高,并能提高半制品白度及吸水性<br />2.半制品周转时间较长<br />3.适宜于绳状加工<br />氧化剂退浆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 适用于P.V.A.以及PVA为主与其他浆料混合上浆的合纤纯纺及混纺织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.退浆迅速,而效果好,并有部分漂白作用<br />2.双氧水-烧碱退浆法对纤维素纤维有部分损伤<br />3.用料多,成本高<br />注意事项:<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 严格控制退浆温度和PH值,在酶退浆中,由于酶的稳定性随着温度的上升而下降,而活性则随着温度的上升而增强,而且由于酶的稳定性能也不同,因此,生产时应根据条件严格掌握退浆温度和PH值<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 含量高的织物应采取二次退浆或其他退浆方法,含浆量高的织物,一次酶退浆往往不能退净,尤其是最后的20%含浆量,退除更为困难。可以采取二次退浆或采用酶酸退浆的等其他办法加以补救<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 淀粉酶使用时用量应控制&nbsp;&nbsp;淀粉酶(或胰酶)在贮藏过程中很容易变质,使用前需经分析,再确定其用量。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 碱一般不宜用于PVA的退浆,因为碱使PVA分子中的乙酰基团水解,醇解度提高,分子携带大量的水分,产生凝冻,溶解度降低,而使洗除困难,如因条件限制而必须采用碱退浆时,则必须使用90℃以上的溢流水,充分洗涤,务求洗浆干净,如热水温度或水流量少每则洗下的PVA浆料又会重新积附于织物表面,形成浆斑,经印染加工后均会产生疵病。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用双氧水—烧碱对PVA退浆时,堆置后需要用85℃以上的热水喷淋或溢流水充分水洗。若水洗温度低,则浆不易洗净,退浆效果差。同时热水流量要充分,并要定时调换水洗槽热水,否则洗下来的PVA会重新积聚到布上,染色时产生色斑渍疵布。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 使用酸退浆时,应特别注意处理,严格控制酸液的浓度和酸液温度,堆置时防止风干,否则将严重损伤纤维素<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 严格控制各项工艺条件和化学用剂的用量,氧化退浆过程中利用过氧化物分解出来的过氧化氢游离基(HOO•),促使浆料大分子逐渐断裂变小,最后溶落在溶液中而被去除。由于纤维素和淀粉的分子结构极其相似,所以在使用中必须认真控制各项工艺条件及化学用剂的用量,将纤维素损伤程度限制在允许范围之内。<br />8.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 堆置时必须保温保湿,不使风干。不论何种方法退浆,堆置时都必须保温保湿,不使风干。退浆的工艺条件,如碱,酸,酶,氧化剂的浓度、温度、PH值等,经经常检查,控制在规定范围内。退浆后都需要充分水洗,才能获得应有的退浆效果。<br />9.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 退浆剂中的表面活性剂选用必须注意表面活性剂的浊点与工艺条件应该适合,避免因浊点不合适,表面活性剂析出而造成染色斑渍。<br /><br />煮练<br />棉布煮练是练漂工程中的主要过程,煮练能去除绵籽壳和纤维素的共生物以及布上残留的浆料,使棉布获得良好的外观和吸水性,以利后加工.涤纶与棉的混纺布,由于棉县委喊杂多,需要煮练,但维纶、涤卢纤维的耐碱性能与棉纤维完全不同.涤纶在高温浓碱中,特别是经过长时间处理,随着纤维品种的不同,纤维表面会发生不同程度的浸蚀作用,也可能发生局部损伤,所以不能采用通常使用的棉布煮练方式进行加工,必须结合混纺县委的踏歌点,统盘考虑. 经过煮练后的棉半制品,毛细管效应要求在8厘米/30分以上<br /><br />1、绳状连续汽蒸煮练<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状连续汽蒸煮练可分为紧式和松式(低张力)两类,紧式绳状连续汽蒸及传统绳状浸轧汽蒸机,它由多台绳状浸轧机J形汽蒸容布箱组成。松式绳状汽蒸机由浸渍槽J形箱及松式水洗槽组成,其特点是浸渍槽、水洗槽均为松式,车速快,织物与水流成逆向流动,洗涤效率高,汽蒸箱与紧式汽蒸箱基本相同,均为大型J形箱,使用于各类纯棉和棉的部分混纺织物。<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺程序<br />紧式绳状汽蒸:浸轧机轧碱—J形箱汽蒸堆置—浸轧机轧碱—J形箱汽蒸堆置—多台浸轧机水洗<br />松式绳状汽蒸:浸轧槽轧碱—J形箱汽蒸堆置(→浸轧槽轧碱—J形箱汽蒸堆置)→松式水洗机水洗<br />二、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 主要工艺条件<br /><br />项&nbsp;&nbsp;目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;紧&nbsp;&nbsp;式&nbsp;&nbsp;绳&nbsp;&nbsp;状&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;松&nbsp;&nbsp;式&nbsp;&nbsp;绳&nbsp;&nbsp;状<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;纯棉织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 棉混纺<br />织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;纯棉织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 棉混纺<br />织物<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;薄织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;厚织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 薄织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厚织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />烧碱用量<br />g/L<br />渗透剂用量g/L<br />亚硫酸氢钠用量g/L<br />软水剂用量g/L<br />汽蒸时间<br />min<br />汽蒸温度<br />℃<br />车速<br />m•min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20~30<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;3~5<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;0~5<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;0~2<br /><br /> 60~90<br /><br />100~102<br /><br /> 80~180&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;30~40<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;5~10<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;0~5<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;0~2<br /><br /> 60~90<br /><br />100~102<br /><br /> 80~180&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;8~5<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;3~8<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;—<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;0~2<br /><br /> 60~90<br /><br /> 75~80<br /><br /> 80~120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 16~20<br /><br />3~5<br /><br />0~5<br /><br />0~2<br /><br /> 90~120<br /><br />100~102<br /><br />120~250&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;20~40<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;5~10<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;0~5<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;0~2<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;90~120<br /><br /> 100~102<br /><br /> 120~250&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8~15<br /><br /> 3~8<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;—<br /><br /> 0~2<br /><br />90~120<br /><br />75~80<br /><br />120~250<br />三、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 注意事项<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纯棉紧式绳状汽蒸煮练一般均需两次轧碱汽蒸,才能有效的去除棉籽壳、杂质等;松式绳状汽蒸煮练除坯棉质量较差及厚重织物,需要进行两次轧碱汽蒸外,一般织物经一次轧碱汽蒸即可达到煮练要求。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 第二次轧碱的碱液浓度。开车时为第一次轧碱用量的70%左右,以后可不补充。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽蒸箱应直接使用饱和蒸汽,若使用过热蒸气加热时,则过热蒸汽应经过给湿成饱和蒸气后再使用,或则过热蒸汽直接喷向织物,易造成局部蒸干,致使织物产生斑渍甚至脆损。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 开车时汽蒸箱内应加热达到规定温度,以免造成煮练不透。若开车时织物堆置不齐,应在堆置一半时,先拉出一部分,以免影响后面织物正常运转,先拉出部分应重新复蒸回修。<br />5.绳状汽蒸煮练工艺,由于车速快,加工量大,应防止大批量擦伤或破损,加工时要经常将绳壮织物拉开检查,以免产生大批性疵布。<br />6.坯棉质量较差或特厚、特别重的纯棉织物,如皱纹呢等织物的加工可提高烧碱的浓度20%—30%。<br />7.绳状汽蒸工艺一般适用于薄型的平布、细纺、府绸,对卡其类紧密织物采用绳状加工易产生擦伤、皱痕一般应采用平幅练漂设备加工。<br />8.织物汽蒸完成后,与碱作用所产生的分解物几乎都附着在织物表面,必须充分洗涤干净,否则将影响煮练效果。<br />9.混纺织物开车前,汽蒸箱温度应达到规定要求;开车后,加热器及汽蒸箱不再加热,利用布上的温度堆置。<br />2、平幅连续汽蒸煮练<br />紧密厚重的织物,如卡其等比较硬挺。如果采用绳状加工,不但煮练不容易匀透,而且在加工中容易造成擦伤、折痕等疵病,染色时造成染疵,所以这类棉布往往采用平幅煮练。化纤及其混纺织物在高温下绳状加工易产生折痕,因此亦以平幅加工为宜。平幅连续汽蒸煮练的设备类型较多,适宜于加工各类棉布及化纤混纺布。<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺程序:&nbsp; &nbsp;轧碱—汽蒸—(—轧碱—汽蒸)—水洗<br />二、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 主要工艺条件<br /><br />项目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 棉&nbsp; &nbsp; 布&nbsp; &nbsp; 织&nbsp;&nbsp;物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />化纤混纺织物<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 薄织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厚织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />烧碱(100%)用量g/L<br />助练剂用量g/L<br />双氧水用量g/L<br />稳定剂用量g/L<br />浸轧温度℃<br />轧余率%<br />汽蒸时间min &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40—45<br />3—5<br />—<br />—<br />85—90<br />80—90<br />45—60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 45—60<br />4—6<br />—<br />—<br />85—90<br />80—90<br />60—90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8—12<br />2—4<br />3—5<br />4—6<br />70—85<br />70—80<br />30—60<br />三、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 注意事项<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧碱宜多浸多轧,增加碱液渗透,最后一道轧车压力要下,增加植物带液量,有利于提高煮练效果。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 常压汽蒸煮练使用过热蒸汽时,过热蒸汽应给湿成为饱和蒸汽后使用,以免箱表层织物被蒸干,造成织物脆损。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物在容布箱内汽蒸堆置时,因故障停机较久时,应用淡碱或水冲洗,避免织物风干而造成局部脆损。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J型汽蒸箱堆布高度,应离页布器1m左右,以免织物卷入页布器。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 叠卷汽蒸时,布卷要整齐,布卷不齐易造成边皱及风干。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练液中渗透剂及稳定剂的选用很重要,应选择耐碱性好,渗透能力较强的助剂与烧碱一起使用。<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练后的织物,一定要充分平洗,尽可能地去除各种已经皂化的杂质,以利于提高煮练效果。<br />常用煮练方式的品种适应性及优缺点<br />过去煮练方式多数沿用煮布锅.近年来,随着生产的高速、高效率,连续化,自动化发展,通过不断实践,不断提高,连续蒸汽煮练方式已广泛应用,现已大部分代替煮布锅成为主要的煮练工具,近几年来,蒸汽煮练又进一步从常压向高温高压发展.常见煮练方式的品种适应性和有缺点如表:<br />煮练方式&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 品种适应性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 优缺点<br />煮布锅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.棉布<br />2.棉维混纺漂补,浅,中色布,花布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.对棉纤维除杂效果较好,去除棉籽壳效果突出.煮练质量较蒸汽好,但均匀度稍差<br />2.不同组织规格的原布,可以拼锅煮练<br />3.不能连续化生产,半制品周转慢<br />4.劳动强度高<br />5.用于染色的厚重织物,硫化杂色布及棉维混纺深色布时,易产生擦伤和绳状压皱印<br />6.易造成局部性疵病<br />&quot;J&quot;形蒸汽箱绳状连续煮练&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 同煮布锅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.连续化生产,半制品周转快<br />2.生产效率在各种煮练方式中最高<br />3.练后半制品质量均匀<br />4.劳动强度低<br />5.用于染色的厚重织物,硫化杂色布及棉维混纺深色布时,易产生擦伤及绳状压皱<br />6.易造成纬斜纬移及破洞<br />平幅轧卷蒸汽煮练&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.各类品种均适用<br />2.特别是适用于厚重织物的煮练&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.可以避免厚重织物擦伤,轧皱,压皱印等疵病<br />2.品种适应性较大<br />3.设备机构简单,制造方便<br />4.连续化程度较煮布锅有很大提高,但不能完全连续化<br />平<br />幅<br />蒸<br />汽<br />连<br />续<br />煮<br />练<br />涤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &quot;J&quot;<br />形<br />箱<br />式&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 同煮布锅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.可以连续化生产,半制品周转快<br />2.劳动强度低<br />3.用于染色的厚重织物,硫化杂色布及棉维混纺深色布时,易造成横向压皱布,稀薄织物易造成纬移,纬斜<br />4.织物在&quot;J&quot;形蒸汽箱堆置过程中,受压力较大,易产生压皱印,现以逐步为履带式蒸汽箱代替<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 履<br />带<br />式&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.棉布<br />2.涤棉,棉维混纺布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.可以连续化生产,半制品周转快<br />2.劳动强度低<br />3.设备机构较简单,制造方便<br />4.织物在蒸汽箱内堆置整齐,操作方便<br />5.易产生生熟不匀横挡,两次蒸汽可以改善<br />6.厚重织物横向压皱印不能彻底消除<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 叠<br />卷<br />式&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.棉布及涤棉混纺布<br />2.特别适用于厚重织物的煮练&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.可以避免厚重织物擦伤,轧皱,压皱印等疵病<br />2.可以连续化生产,半制品<br />3.煮练后半制品质量均匀<br />4.调头机构复杂,设备制造要求高,操作与控制要求严格<br />5.坯布规格相差较大及调换品种时需放头重行开车<br />6.在运转过程中,布卷长度往往会减少,需放头重行开车<br />7.雕车时,易产生小量皱条<br />8.布卷不齐会产生边皱<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 翻版式&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.棉布<br />2.特别是适用于厚重棉布的煮练&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.可以连续化生产,半制品周转快<br />2.半制品质量均匀<br />3.劳动强度低<br />4.进出布封口设备材料要求很高,并须定期调换<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 高温高压&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤面混纺布等&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.可以连续化生产<br />2.劳动强度低<br />3.煮练效果较好<br />4.厚重织物压皱印不能彻底消除<br /><br />常见疵病及克服方法<br />疵病名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 产生原因&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 克服方法<br /><br /><br /><br />布面残留棉籽壳<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 常压平幅煮练,一般均有已膨化的棉籽壳残留<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加压煮布锅煮练,由于堆置不匀,循环不畅通,用料不足,温度、压力不够,布上带液量不足均会产生<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 连续汽蒸煮练有膨化不均匀的棉籽壳是由于工艺操作不当,浓度、温度、时间三者未控制好&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 可通过漂白去除<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 分析原因,采取措施,轻者可采取提高漂液浓度,重者需要重新煮练<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 提高练液浓度、温度,增加预热或汽蒸,延长煮练时间或降低浓度再煮一次,也可采用碱氧一浴方法解决<br /><br /><br /><br />煮练不匀<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅煮练,,由于堆置不匀,循环不畅通,用料、压力、时间不足<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练箱体内推置不匀或工艺掌握不好(浓度、温度、时间)而造成不匀<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅煮练也会因浸液不透或汽蒸箱温度不高、停车等原因造成不匀&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 严格工艺操作,加强工艺条件控制<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练液中添加渗透剂或煮练助剂<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 停车时间过长,要用水或淡碱冲淋<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 增加预热时间<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />局部脆损破洞<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J形箱汽蒸使用直接汽蒸或过热蒸汽未给湿而干蒸<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用碱浓度过高<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 因故障织物在汽蒸箱内停留时间过长,使织物局部烤干<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅汽蒸发生故障,高温加碱突然打开窗门。造成氧化纤维素<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅内空气未排尽,上层产生氧化纤维素&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 勿用直接蒸汽,过热蒸汽要给湿,最好改用饱和蒸汽<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 分析原因,调整用料处方<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 停车时间长,汽蒸箱要降温或用淡碱冲淋<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布卷要卷齐<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 发生故障时要开窗处理,并迅速冲水降温、冲洗<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改进操作,煮练前排尽空气<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />擦&nbsp; &nbsp; 伤<br /><br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状穿布路线角度太小,摩擦力大,或中途停车,但六角车未停,摩擦力大<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厚重织物在煮布锅煮练或排气时织物与锅壁摩擦<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 连续汽蒸织物堆布量过大,出箱时,张力大,布与箱壁摩擦<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽蒸箱与织物接触部分表面不光洁<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 因故障停机,使织物局部干燥,缺乏润滑作用&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改进操作,调整穿布路线<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅内壁衬布<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 适当控制容布量<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 保持汽蒸箱与织物接触部分表面的光洁度<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 停车时间长,因迅速用箱要淡碱或水冲洗,以免烤干,保持润滑<br /><br /><br />纬&nbsp; &nbsp;斜<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状加工接头时单边打结,造成一边紧,张力过大<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状穿布路线弯角太大转弯过多<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状辊筒左右压力不均衡<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅加工的轧点辊筒不平整或左右加压不一&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改用缝纫机缝头<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改进穿布路线<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳洗机辊筒包布要平整,辊筒压力左右要均衡<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 重新车磨辊筒<br /><br /><br />纬&nbsp; &nbsp; 移<br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状的分布棒、磁圈、六角车等表面不光洁或积垢<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅水洗槽辊筒不平整,个别辊筒运转不良,对稀薄织物易造成纬移<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 特别稀薄织物湿布进煮布锅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 要定时检查,保持运转各部位的光洁<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平洗辊保持平整,运转正常<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 特别稀薄织物要干布冲碱进锅,巴里纱等采用平幅为宜<br /><br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />碱斑、钙斑<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 淡碱液含杂多,循环不良<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状水泥J形箱堆置过量,出箱时织物与箱壁积垢摩擦造成钙斑<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练用水过硬,生成不溶性钙斑<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽蒸后水洗不净<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅锅面盖布未盖好<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅放汽排液后未及时水洗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改进废碱液纯净度,可采用沉淀池<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 控制堆布量,调换J形箱设备材料<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练用软水或配方中添加软水剂<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强水洗<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅锅面盖布应盖好,排液后及时水洗<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 碱、钙斑可轧热盐酸洗除<br />锈&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;斑&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 放水管、淋喷管等生锈,循环泵叶片磨损<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练用水中含有铁质<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮布锅部件如锅壁、压布器、堆布器或导轨等生锈&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调换生锈部件<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练液中加软水剂、络合剂<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 可采用轧热草酸平洗处理<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 铁质材料及锅壁涂防锈层<br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />皱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;条<br /><br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧卷汽蒸,卷轴不平整<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 叠卷汽蒸调头时起皱<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布卷上卷不齐,造成边皱<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平幅汽蒸前导布辊上有纱头污物及累计浆料,使织物起皱<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平洗导辊不平整<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平洗轧辊及烘缸的线速度调整不当<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 导布辊不平整<br />8.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 蒸汽加热,冲力过大<br />9.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 坯布本身存在褶皱,有烧毛辊不平整或纺织厂的裙裥皱、木辊皱等&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改进卷轴的操作<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 导布辊要保持平整、清洁<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强退浆工艺<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平整平洗导布辊或烧绳<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调整平洗轧辊及烘筒的线速度<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤棉布发现坯布有皱,可采取先定形后煮练的方式<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涤面裙裥皱不易去除,有通知纺织厂改进<br /><br /><br /><br />压&nbsp;&nbsp;煞&nbsp;&nbsp;印&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厚重织物使用J形箱、煮布锅、履带箱、翻板箱、R形箱时容易造成<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厚重织物烘燥时,温度高,落箱堆置过量,时间长,造成不规则的压煞印&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 减少汽蒸箱的堆布量,增加布身带液<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 采取两次煮练方法<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 改用其他煮练方法<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 降低烘燥温度,落布锨箱用力应适度,要及时进行后工序加工<br /> <br /> <br /><br />横&nbsp; &nbsp; 档&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织厂上浆时蜡辊不灵活,造成上蜡不匀<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进汽蒸箱预热不够,使布上温度与箱体温度有差异,造成煮练横档<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 使用渗透剂不当,在强碱高温下分解,油脂类上浮,液下履带较易造成&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 通知纺织厂改进,同时增用松节油、乳化剂等可改善<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 要增加汽蒸预热时间,不可少于20秒<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 要选用耐强碱高温渗透剂<br />漂白<br />目的:去除天然色素,提高织物的白度还要去除棉布上残留的其他杂质,如棉籽壳、蜡质、含氮物质等,使棉布的润湿性进一步提高。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;过氧化氢的漂白原理:过氧化氢可与色素中的双键反应,产生消色作用,也可以通过生成自由基产生漂白作用。自由基虽然有漂白作用,但易损伤织物,尤其是HO。因此漂白液中若有铜、铁等重金属离子存在,织物会产生破洞,应严加注意。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;次氯酸盐漂白<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺程序<br />水洗→浸轧漂液→堆置→水洗→酸洗→堆置→水洗(—脱氯)(—水洗)<br />二、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺条件<br /><br />项&nbsp; &nbsp; 目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 棉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />涤棉混纺织物<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 薄织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;厚织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />浓度:有效氯<br />g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平幅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.8~1.5<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;1.2~1.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.5~2.2<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;1.8~2.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; —<br />2~4<br />PH值&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;9.5~10.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 9.5~10.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;9.5~10.5<br />温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;20~30&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 20~30&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;20~30<br />轧余率%&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平幅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 110~130<br /> 80~90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 110~130<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 80~90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; —<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;70~80<br />堆置时间min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平幅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 40~60<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;40~50&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40~60<br />40~50&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; —<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40~50<br />酸洗:硫酸浓度<br />g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平幅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1~3<br />2~3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1~3<br />2~3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; —<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2~3<br />堆置时间min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平幅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 10~15<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;10~15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10~15<br />10~15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; —<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10~15<br />脱氯:大苏打g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0~2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0~2<br />温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 30~40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30~40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;30~40<br />注1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白织物丝光后复漂,漂液浓度应较初漂时降低有效氯30%~40%。<br />2.&nbsp;&nbsp;常压轧碱汽蒸及低压煮布锅煮练的织物漂白时,漂液浓度应根据煮练效果适当增加。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;一般织物漂白酸洗后,可以不再用大苏打脱氯。但如酸洗后未洗净,就用大苏打在酸作用下,析出硫磺,使布带黄色,难以洗净,影响产品质量。因此,必须充分洗净,或改用亚硫酸钠。<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;三、注意事项<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;织物平幅加工的漂液浓度,应按轧余率的不同而异,一般用量较绳状高两层左右。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;对漂白要求较高需要复漂的织物,第二次漂液浓度(有效氯浓度)降低30%~40%。<br />初漂液浓度也应根据坯棉质量、煮练效果适当增减。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;次氯酸钠漂白,必须严格控制PH值。在PH值为7时,纤维损伤最严重。由于漂液本身含有少量烧碱,PH值常为11左右。如果织物经煮练后漂白前需进行酸洗,应特别注意洗净残余酸液,以免降低漂液PH值,造成纤维脆损。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;漂液温度对漂白作用也很重要,温度低,漂白作用缓慢,随着温度上升,漂白作用也加快,当温度超过35℃时,漂白作用剧烈,纤维聚合度有明显下降,因此夏季宜降温及降低漂液浓度,并控制漂前织物的温度,冬季宜加温或提高漂液浓度。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;漂白、酸洗、堆置过程中要避免织物受阳光直射及风干。在机械发生故障停机时,应采取措施,用冷水洗或导带放空,以免织物长时间浸于漂液、酸液中及空气中风干,造成局部过漂脆损现象。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 次氯酸钠漂白后,织物上尚有残留少量氯,如果不去除,长时间放置会影响织物强力和白度,可采用浸轧1—2g/L大苏打脱氯,也可以采取酸洗办法来分解残留的次氯酸钠,若氯漂后采取氧漂工艺,则双氧水也同样起到脱氯作用,不必经大苏打处理。<br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧漂堆置后应充分水洗,再经酸洗,以免在酸洗时有较多氯气逸出,影响织物强力及劳动环境。<br />8.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白设备要注意耐氯、耐酸。不锈钢不耐氯,氯漂时应避免采用。<br />9.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 采用氧漂时,如果织物带有铁锈,必须先用草酸去除并水洗干净,以免损伤织物强力。<br />双氧水漂白<br />双氧水是一种良好的漂白剂,漂白后织物的白度及白度稳定性较好,失重也较少。双氧水能用于各类织物的漂白。此外双氧水漂白时无有害气体产生,可以改善劳动条件。一般用于高档与质量要求高的棉布,以及涤棉(富)等混纺布的漂白。 双氧水漂白,一般采用绳状或平幅连续汽蒸方法,在特殊情况下,可以利用卷染机进行漂白<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水卷染机漂白<br />此工艺一般是在无汽蒸设备情况下,适用于小批量生产,宜用加罩的不锈钢卷染机,此法的优点是设备简单,加工织物无皱印,因此特别适合于厚重织物的漂白。<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;工艺程序<br />水洗—漂白—水洗<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;工艺条件(涤棉混纺织物)<br />Н2О2(100%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 4—6g/L<br />稳定剂(水玻璃)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6—8g/L<br />渗透剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1—3g/L<br />烧碱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;适量(调节PH值用)<br />PH值&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 10.5—10.8<br />浴比&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1:3<br />退浆后的织物--冷洗一道—漂白8-10道(三道内上升到90℃以上)--热水4道(80-85℃)--冷水二道—冷喷水上卷<br />3.注意事项<br />⑴配置漂液顺序:先放适量水,再加渗透剂、稳定剂,然后加双氧水搅拌,最后用烧碱调PH值至10.5—10.8之间。<br />⑵漂白时渗透剂、稳定剂一次加入,双氧水应分两次加入,漂白时先加2/3,第一道末再加1/3后搅匀,并加入烧碱调节PH值。<br />⑶漂白数道指普通染缸,如为大染缸漂白道数可减为4—6道。<br />二、双氧水连续汽蒸漂白<br />双氧水连续汽蒸漂白,可分为绳状和平幅两种方式进行,绳状一般用大型J形箱汽蒸,平幅的有J形箱、履带箱,叠卷汽蒸箱及轧卷汽蒸箱等设备,设备应采用不锈钢材料。<br />1.工艺程序&nbsp; &nbsp;多浸多轧漂液—汽蒸—水洗<br />2.工艺条件<br /><br />项目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纯棉布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />涤棉混纺织物<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 薄织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厚织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />Н2О2(100%)用量g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平副&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2—2.5<br />2—3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3—4<br />4—5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3—6<br />4—7<br />稳定剂用量g/L<br />渗透剂用量g/L<br />100%NaOH用量g/L<br />PH值&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4—6<br />2—4<br />适量<br />10.5—11&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5—7<br />2—4<br />适量<br />10.5—11&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5—10<br />2—4<br />适量<br />10.5—11<br /><br />轧余率%&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 绳状<br />平副&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 110—130<br />80—90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 110—130<br />80—90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 100—120<br />70—80<br />浸轧温度℃<br />汽蒸温度℃<br />汽蒸时间min<br />平洗温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 室温<br />95—100<br />60—90<br />85—90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 室温<br />95—100<br />60—90<br />85—90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 室温<br />95—100<br />60—90<br />70—80<br />3.注意事项<br />⑴ 双氧水漂白浓度需合理选择,既要达到理想白度和去杂效果,又要使纤维损伤较小,需根据不同前处理情况及设备而定。一般粘纤类织物较纯棉的浓度略低,涤棉织物由于带液量较低,可适当提高。<br />⑵稳定剂的种类很多,水玻璃是最常用的一种,其价格低廉,稳定效果好,白度高,但易起硅垢,若不及时清除,易产生皱条,并影响手感,目前大多用非硅类稳定剂取代,由于双氧水漂白在碱性池中进行,因此应选用非硅类的耐碱耐高温稳定剂。<br />⑶如采用水玻璃做稳定剂,双氧水漂液的PH值必须严格控制在10.5—11之间。PH值低于10,漂白效果不好;PH值高于11,双氧水过早分解,同样影响漂白效果,同时也有可能产生织物脆损的危险。<br />⑷铜铁等重金属离子会催化双氧水的分解,因此漂前织物不能带有重金属及其化合物,设备使用的材质也需要注意这一点,以免由于催化作用而使织物造成局部脆损或小洞。<br />⑸当浓度确定后,汽蒸的温度和时间是决定漂白效果的主要因素,温度越高,双氧水分解越充分,漂白效果越好。温度偏低,则可适当延长汽蒸时间(一般情况下汽蒸时间1h即可)。<br />⑹双氧水可与棉加白剂同浴处理,在复浸时常与荧光增白剂同浴加工,使漂白和增白同步进行。<br />⑺配置漂液以使用未经软化的水(硬度50-130mg/L)为宜:如采用软水,可加硫酸镁0.1g/L。使水玻璃发挥更大的作用。<br />⑻ 使用水玻璃为稳定剂,汽蒸后必须充分水洗(第一格平洗槽可纯碱及洗涤剂各2-3g/L),以免硅酸盐残留在布上,影响手感和毛效。<br />⑼ 棉布丝光以后复漂,双氧水浓度要适当降低,同时要注意丝光后布上不宜含碱过多,否则当PH值超过11时,会造成棉织物脆损。<br />亚氯酸钠漂白<br />一、工艺程序<br />多浸多轧漂液—汽蒸—水洗—脱氯—水洗<br />二、工艺条件(涤棉混纺织物)<br />亚氯酸钠(100%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 10—25g/L<br />渗透剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2—5ml/L<br />活化剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;见表<br />漂液PH值&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;按不同活化计定<br />汽蒸温度&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 100—102℃<br />汽蒸时间&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 60—90min<br />浸轧温度&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 室温<br />轧余率&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 70%—90%<br />脱氯:<br />⑴ 大苏打亚硫酸氢钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1—2g/L<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;纯碱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1—2g/L<br />⑵双氧水&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1—2g/L<br />常用活化剂及PH值<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;活化计&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用量g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PH值<br />六次甲基四胺<br />硫酸胺<br />硫酸联胺<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;酸&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1—2<br />3—10<br />0.5—1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7——8.5<br />6—7.5<br />3.5—4<br />3.5—4<br />注:1.直接用酸作活化剂时,一般先用无机酸调整PH值至6—7,然后再用有机酸调至最佳漂白PH值3.5—4。<br />2.活化剂可单独使用,也可两只活化剂拼用。<br />3.使用含有活化剂的商品亚氯酸钠,则不必另加活化剂。<br />4.渗透剂宜采用非离子型表面活性剂。<br />5.处方指干布浸轧,湿布浸轧应提高补充液浓度月轧槽的4倍左右。<br />注意事项<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 亚氯酸纳为易燃烧,易爆炸、有毒的化学品,当它受热、撞击、摩擦以及同还原剂、有机物、某些重金属氧化物混合时,极易升温而造成燃烧爆炸。因此应按危险品要求分开存放。在使用亚氯酸钠时(特别是固体)应特别注意,所有工具、器皿均应由耐腐蚀的材料制成并专用专放,保持清洁。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 配制亚氯酸钠漂液的地方,应有排期装置,操作人员应戴防护用品,汽蒸箱的出口密封要求高,应有排气和吸氯设备,以减少二氧化氯的排放。汽蒸箱处理故障时,必须将毒气排尽,防止中毒。<br />3&nbsp;&nbsp;.不同牌号的亚氯算钠含碱量差异很大,配制漂液时,先将亚氯酸钠倒入水中搅拌,溶解,然后边搅拌,边加稀释的的酸调整PH值,酸不能加得太快,以免局部溶液PH值聚降,而释放出二氧化氯。若发生这种现象,可加少量双氧水并用烧碱调高PH值。<br />4.活化剂的选择,活化剂种类很多,性质和要求各异。最简单的是酸活化,价格低廉,但最易造成二氧化氯气体逸出;其次是酯活化,利用酯水解放出酸来达到工艺要求,则漂液很稳定,但成本不高。目前常采用的是铵盐活化,有有机铵盐如六次甲基四胺,醋酸铵等,也有无机铵盐如硫酸铵、硫酸联胺、过硫酸铵等。铵盐特点是漂液稳定,汽蒸时铵盐分解成酸,起活化作用,同时析出氨,可减少设备的腐蚀,也有利于劳动保护。<br />5.不同铵盐,工艺要求也各异,六次甲基四胺能迅速分解亚氯酸钠,它适用与汽蒸时间短或汽蒸条件差的设备,用量不宜过多,否则白度反而下降。而硫酸铵,硫酸联胺无此现象,硫酸铵用量较高,而硫酸联胺用量教少,但溶解度较低,必须区别对待。<br />常见疵病及克服方法<br />疵病名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 产生原因&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 克服方法<br /><br /><br /><br />强力下降,<br />出现破洞&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液浓度过高<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白堆置或汽蒸时间过长<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液PH值控制不当<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽蒸使用过热蒸汽或整齐喷向布面<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 因故障停车时间过长,温度过高,空气进入蒸箱,造成氧化纤维而局部脆损<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液中遇重技术离子,加速双氧水分解,使局部纤维氧化,严重时造成破洞&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 严格控制浓度,温度,时间,PH值等各项工艺条件<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 过热蒸汽给湿后使用最好改用饱和蒸汽<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 因故停车时间长,要用水冲或放空。降温后放可开门处理<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液中加金属络合剂,防止重金属离子加速分解双氧水<br /><br /><br /><br />白度不够&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液浓度过低<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 堆置或汽蒸时间不足<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液PH值控制不当<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 冷漂温度过低,汽蒸漂白的温度不够高<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 前处理退浆不净或煮练不透<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 坯棉质量特差&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 严格掌握<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 前处理退浆或煮练不足,在不损伤纤维强力的前提下,可适当提高漂液浓度<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 坯棉质量特差的可加强煮练,提高漂前半制品的质量,同时也可提高漂液浓度<br /><br /><br /><br />白度不匀&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 退浆不净,煮练不匀<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 汽蒸箱内蒸汽受阻,造成箱内温度不匀<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进蒸箱的轧棍不平整,带液不匀<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 中途因故停车时间过长<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白工艺条件前后控制不一&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强漂前检查,发现退煮不匀者,需重新煮练<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 清除蒸汽管受阻因素<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧棍的平严重者,需要重新平轧棍<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 停车时间过长用水冲洗或放空<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 前后工艺条件应控制一<br /><br />泛黄&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮练不透、不匀<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂后脱氯不净<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 水质硬度偏高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强煮练工艺条件<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调整脱氯工艺<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加软水剂调节或用处理过的软水<br />黄斑、锈斑&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 助剂、化学品及水中带有铁质<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白过程中接触铁锈,如水管、喷淋管内锈水滴入布面<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂前织物上有锈斑&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 清除隐患,调换生锈部件<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂液中加络合剂<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 采取轧热草酸平洗,少量的可由人工用热草酸洗除<br />纬斜、纬移&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧辊不平整,左右加压有轻重<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机台张力过大,水平度差<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有不旋转的导布辊、绷布辊、对稀薄织物极易造成纬移&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 大辊筒需保持平整,必要时可重新车磨,左右加压要一致<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机台安装应水平,张力不宜过大<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加工稀薄织物要重点检查个远转点导布辊的平整光滑情况<br />手感差&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 双氧水漂白用硅酸盐作稳定剂,部分硅垢沉积于织物表面<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 煮漂或退漂一步平洗条件差,使洗下来的浆料,杂质又重新沉积于织物表面<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用非硅类稳定剂<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强平洗工艺,强力冲洗,高温平洗,也可用1~3g/L热纯碱液洗<br />皱条&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 导辊表面有纱线头、污物或硅垢沉积<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平洗辊、导布辊表面不平整<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平洗或烘筒的线速不一质<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布料半制品有折皱<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纺织厂来坯存在裙裥皱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 清洁导辊表面<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平整各导辊<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调整各平洗槽以及各烘筒的线速度<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 解决前工序或纺织厂的皱条<br />毛效差&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 退煮不良<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一欲法水洗不充分,特别是冷轧堆工艺水洗不良<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 坯布上PVA浆料特别重&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加强退煮工艺<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 重新煮一次<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 水洗应用大量热水冲洗<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 蒸箱出来或冷轧堆后一定要用高温热水洗,不能用冷水喷淋,否者PVA结膜难以去除<br /><br />丝光<br />丝光是棉纤维在浓碱作用下发生溶涨,并在一定张力下定型,使其获得一般光泽的处理。丝光有干布丝光和湿布丝光,本设计采用于布丝光,因其便于控制。<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;丝光工艺程序及丝光方式<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纯棉织物丝光工艺程序<br />(一)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 干布丝光<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 浸轧浓碱→透风→浸轧浓碱→布铗扩幅冲洗去碱→直辊冲洗去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚布)→水洗→烘干<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 直辊浸碱→针铗扩幅冲吸去碱→直辊冲洗去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚布)→水洗→烘干<br />二、T/C织物丝光工艺程序<br />(一)干布丝光<br />1.浸轧浓碱→透风→浸轧浓碱→布铗扩幅冲洗去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚洗)→水洗→烘干<br />2.浸轧浓碱→堆置→布铗扩幅冲洗去碱→蒸洗→水洗→烘干<br />3.辊浸碱→直辊冲洗去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚布)→水洗→烘干<br />4.直辊浸碱→针铗扩幅冲洗去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚布)→水洗→烘干<br />(二)湿布丝光<br />1.贝纶辊轧水→(以下同于布丝光)<br />2.高效轧水→针铗扩幅→直辊浸碱→直辊冲洗去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚布)→水洗→烘干<br />3.高效轧水→直辊浸碱→针铗扩幅冲吸去碱→蒸洗→中和(厚布)→水洗→烘干<br /><br />丝光工艺条件及注意事项<br />一、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一般丝光工艺条件<br />工艺项目&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纯棉织物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; T/C织物<br /><br /><br />浸轧碱浓度<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布铗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 第一槽220~240<br />后半槽220~240&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 200~240<br />200~240<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 直辊&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 230~250&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 200~220<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 松堆&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;——&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 170~180<br />轧碱温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 室温&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 室温&nbsp;&nbsp;松堆3~5min<br />浸碱时间S&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50~60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50~60<br />最大扩幅门幅㎝&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 坯布门幅&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 定型落布门幅<br />冲洗碱浓度g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40~50&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40~50<br />冲洗碱温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70~75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70~75<br />蒸洗温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; >95&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80~85<br /> 水洗温度℃&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70~75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70~75<br />落布PH值&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7~8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7~7.5<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;注:1.纯棉紧密厚织物如府绸、卡其等丝光浓度可较一般棉织物适当提高20g/L。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.丝光补充碱浓度控制政治330g/L左右,有两道浓碱轧车的布铗丝光机,碱先喂入第一槽,溢流至第二槽,再溢流至第一槽后前半槽。湿布丝光时,因织物含水量多,碱易被冲淡,故第一槽后前半槽需要经常溢出一部分,以保持烧碱浓度达到工艺标准。一般情况下第一格后半槽浓度240~260g/L,则第二轧槽为220~240g/L,第一槽后前半槽为200~220g/L<br />二:注意事项<br />1. 丝光前织物的干湿程度,必须均匀一致,湿布丝光尤其注意。通常纯棉扎余率为60﹪,T/C织物为50﹪。否则丝光效果不一,将在印染过程中发生染色不匀现象。<br />2.干布丝光的织物在烘干后应放置一定时间,丝光进布时应经过透风架充分冷却,否则丝光碱液温度不易控制。<br />3.织物在丝光时,经纬向都承受一定张力,可增进光泽、温度尺寸,因此从浸轧浓碱开始,直到脱离布铗进入蒸箱,应始终保持一定的张力。<br />4.轧车压力一般为0.3Mpa,轧碱轧余率通常控制在60%左右。<br />5.丝光过程中布幅必须保持平整,防止卷边、折皱等,一旦产生卷边、折皱等疵病,在以后加工过程中不易去除,必须重新丝光回修。<br />6.轧槽碱浓度、淡碱浓度及轧碱槽、去碱箱温度、落布门幅等都应定期测定,并做好记录。<br />7.为减少丝光皱条,在逆流热水箱为格就加用阻垢剂,它是一种螯合剂,能螯合水中钙、镁离子,阻止其在导棍上结垢,从而减少皱条,对碱液回收设备也有利。它的用量为每天生产3.5×10 m消耗25kg。<br />8.经常用广泛指示剂或试纸检验检查丝光布PH值。尽量使布匹保持中性,必要时用酸中和。<br />9.浓烧碱(浓硫酸)对人身体皮肤腐蚀、灼伤作用剧烈。接触浓碱液(浓酸液)应制备必要的防护用品,万一碱液或酸液溅至皮肤或眼睛,应先用大量水冲洗后再去医治。<br /> 丝光常见疵病及克服方法<br />疵病名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 产生原因&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 克服办法<br />皱条&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧车蒸洗箱导辊不平或转动不灵活或导辊沾有纱头<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 蒸洗箱直接蒸汽供量不足<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 张力太小或过大<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 烘筒结垢不平&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 检查发生部位加以纠正,或改用扩幅螺纹导辊,停车取出纱头<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 控制直接蒸汽用量<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调节张力<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 清洁烘筒,蒸洗箱加用阻垢剂<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 已造成的皱条布要重新丝光回修<br />纬斜&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 轧辊左右压力不匀<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 导布辊筒不平整<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布铗销子磨损程度两边不一<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 导布辊轴承磨损两边不一&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 检查发生部位加以纠正<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平修布铗,调换销子或布铗左右间隔对调<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调换布铗销子及导布辊磨损的轴承<br />破边、破腹&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 扩幅过大或前处理伸长过大<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布铗刀片尖角太锐利<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 出布铗处布铗开口太迟<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布铗前中后部扩幅尺寸与正常规律不符<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 前处理半制品张力不足或局部脆损&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调整扩幅宽度,放松两道浸碱轧车间张力<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 检查调换,修理布铗<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调整布铗平板前中后扩幅尺寸到无破边为止<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 检查前处理造成原因,予以改进。对张力不足的半制品减少扩幅<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调整布铗开口时间<br />染色后单面极光或擦伤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物在吸碱泵头板上擦伤<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物在不光滑的导布杆或分布辊上擦伤<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 异物落入蒸洗箱造成擦伤<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 头布穿错而擦伤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 适当防低吸水板或减少抽吸力<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 换去不光滑的导布杆或分布辊<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 取出异物<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纠正穿头<br />染色前后色差&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 浸轧浓碱前后碱浓度差异大,工艺条件未掌握好&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 掌握好各种工艺条件,特别是浸轧浓碱的浓度必须符合工艺要求<br />卷边&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进布逃边<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进布铗门幅过窄<br />导布辊边上纱头绕柱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进布准确、平齐<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 进布铗门幅调宽<br />取下导布辊上绕住的纱头<br />出布带碱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 丝光碱浓度、温度等不符工艺要求<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 布铗部分冲吸碱失灵<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 冲吸淡碱浓度过高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 掌握好各工序碱液浓度、温度等工艺条件<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 修复冲吸碱装置<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调节逆流水量,使冲洗见碱浓度<50g/L<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加醋酸或硫酸中和布上的碱剂,但落布不能带酸<br /><br />定型工艺<br />定型的方法很多,在实际生产中,涤纶混纺布一般采用针铗式干热定型方法,它的优点是定型温度 、织物经纬向张力与幅宽易于控制,定型效果也较好。<br />注意事项:<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不同温度定型的织物,在应用卷染法染色时,会影响涤纶纤维对分散染料的吸收性能,所以定型时,温度必须控制均匀一致,否则将产生染色不匀疵病。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 定型能提高涤纶混纺布的尺寸稳定性,定型温度越高,织物放在热空气中的收缩率越低,但以纤维的软化点为上限。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白布采用增白与定型结合的工艺,停车前应继续保持高温空转数十分钟,以排除沾污在机械上的增白剂,并在停止加热后,继续空转冷却至70℃以下,方可停机。<br /><br />定型工艺不同的优缺点比较<br />工艺程序&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 优缺点&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 备注<br />前定型(原布或退降后定型)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 可以消除纺织过程中造成的内应力,在印染加工时不致发生严重的变形和皱褶<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 原布定型时,布上的油污以及化学浆料等较难去除&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 此法一般较少采用<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 使用收缩率不同纱线的涤纶混纺原布,在印染加工过程中,经热与碱处理后,产生不同的收缩,形成裙裥般的皱条,宜采用此法定型<br />中间定型(练漂后,印染前定型)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 可以消除纺织及印染前处理造成的皱褶,使染前半制品平整无皱<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 可以避免升华牢度较差的染料,在定型时造成染料升华<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 可以减少织物在印染后序的收缩<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 半制品略有泛黄<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 定型温度高低,在应用卷染色法时会影响染料的吸收率&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纶混纺布采用此法定型<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 定型后如紧接热熔染色工序,布边上遗留的针孔或布铗印,需洗烘一次,也可以将定型工序再提前一个工序解决<br />后定型(印、染后定型)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 部分可溶性还原染料染浅杂色布时,可提高给色量与熨烫牢度<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 成品尺寸稳定性及平整度较好<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 对染前半制品的平整度要求高<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 对使用染料要求有较高的升华牢度,否则容易造成疵品与机械沾污&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 此法一般较少采用<br />印花<br />⑴ 坯布检验→翻布打印→缝头→烧毛→退浆→煮练氧漂→(亚漂)→烘干→定行兼涤加白→丝光→烘干<br />⑵ 涂料、分散染料直接印花:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;白布→印花→焙烘皂洗、水洗→烘干<br />⑶ 分散、活性染料直接印花:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;白布→印花→固色→冷热水洗→烘干→水洗、皂洗→烘干<br />⑷ 可溶性还原染料直接印花:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;白布→印花→过酸、皂洗、水洗→烘干→定行兼固色<br />⑸ 涤/棉印花布后整理:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;上柔软剂拉幅或树脂整理→轧光→防缩→检码→成品分等→装潢成件<br />分散染料/活性染料同浆印花<br />一相法印花工艺(分散/活性与碱性三者同浆)<br />⑴一相法印花工艺处方和工艺流程:<br />处方:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;小苏打法&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 三氯醋酸钠法<br />海藻酸纳糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30—40&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;30—40<br />活性染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;X&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Y<br />尿素&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0—5&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0—5<br />小苏打&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1—2&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br />防染盐S&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1<br />三氯醋酸钠(1:1)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6—8<br />酒石酸(1:2)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.6<br />温水&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Y&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Y<br />分散染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Z&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Z<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 100%&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100%<br />工艺流程:白布→印花→常压高温汽蒸→平洗→烘干→后整理<br />注意事项:<br />由于涤/棉织物具有蔬菜性纤维的组分,因此糊料对织物的附着能力小于纯棉织物,这就必须使用一定粘着力的糊料,同时还要考虑抱水性、含量、糊的FVI以及糊料的机印性能。<br />两相法印花工艺(分散/活性同浆不加碱剂)<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;两相法印花工艺处方和工艺流程:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 处方:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;低聚海藻酸钠糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30—40<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;活性染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; X<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;尿素&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0—5<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;防染盐S&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0—1<br />40℃温水&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Y<br />分散染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Z<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100%<br />工艺流程:白布印花焙烘碱固平洗后整理<br />工艺特点:两相印花色浆中不加碱剂,一般也不加尿素和防染盐S。活性染料的固色<br />分散染料热熔后进行,具有如下优点:<br />①&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印花色浆的稳定性好<br />②&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 避免分散染料的碱性水解,其光色不要受碱剂的影响,给色量有所提高,分散染料对棉的沾污减少<br />③&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有助于各项染色牢度,特别是湿处理牢度的提高<br />④&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印花的重现性好<br />缺点:碱固时花纹易渗化,染料易在轧碱时溶落,而影响白地白度。<br />分散/聚酯士林染料同浆印花<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;印花处方:<br />海藻酸钠和MC混合糊(1:2)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;40—50<br />分散染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; X<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 100%<br />工艺流程:白布→印花→高温高压汽蒸(125℃,10min)→面轧还原液→快速汽蒸(120℃,60S)→水洗→氧化→水洗、皂洗→烘干<br />面轧还原浴处方(克):<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;氢氧化钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;纯碱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 30<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H/S&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;50<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;氯化钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;50<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;淀粉糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1L<br />分散染料/涂料同浆印花(分散/涂料同浆印花工艺)<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 印花处方:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;乳化糊A&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;东风牌粘合剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10—25<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;磷酸氢钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0—2<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6MD树脂(40%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0—2<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;分散染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Z<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;乳化染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0—1.5<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100%<br />注意事项:乳化剂M为合成增稠剂,剂量不能加的太多,在分散/涂料工艺中不超过105%,6MD树脂和磷酸氢氨在中浅色是可不加的。<br />稳定不溶性偶氮染料直接印花<br />工艺流程:白布→印花→焙烘(180℃,1.5min)→平洗<br />稳定不溶性偶氮染料直接印花<br />工艺流程:白布→印花→烘干→显色→水洗→皂洗→烘干<br />处方:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;印花色浆(%)<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4—10<br />酒精(98%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2—5<br />烧碱(40°Be)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1.5—2.0<br />温水&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 25—30<br />淀粉糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25—30<br />中性红矾液(15%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;2.5—5.0<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br /><br />可溶性还原染料直接印花<br />工艺流程:印花→烘干→(汽蒸)→轧酸显色→透风→水洗→皂洗→水洗→烘干<br />处方:<br />色浆组分(%)<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 易氧化染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;难氧化染料<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.5—3&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0.5—3<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 助溶剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0—3&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0—3<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 纯碱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.2&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.2 <br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 原糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;40—60&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40—60<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 亚硝酸钠(1:2)&nbsp; &nbsp; 1—3&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1—3<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加水合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100<br />防染印花<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;凡拉明蓝地防染印花<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;色酚打底&nbsp;&nbsp;采用二浸二轧(轧余率75%),轧槽温度75—80℃,游离碱3—4g/L。<br />打底处方:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;色酚AS&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;10—15g<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;烧碱(36°Be)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15—18ml<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;渗透剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 10—15ml<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;加水合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1L<br />印花<br />防白印花浆(%)<br />硫酸铝&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5—12<br />淀粉—龙胶糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 50—60<br />加水合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100<br />涂料色防染印花浆(%)<br />涂料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; X<br />尿素&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5<br />粘合剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40<br />50%DMEU树脂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6<br />酒石酸&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6—8<br />羟乙基淀粉糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;10<br />乳化糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5—10<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100<br />色基色防染印花浆(%)<br />色基&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 0.2—1.5<br />锌洋粉(1:1)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;X<br />硫酸铝&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5~8<br />淀粉—龙胶糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 40~50<br />加水合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br />显色及后处理<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;显色液处方:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;凡拉明蓝盐VB&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;18~25g<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;硫酸锌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;5~8g<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;匀染剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.25g<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;加水合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1L<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;拔染印花<br />不溶性偶氮染料地色拔染印花工艺<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;工艺流程:色酚打底→烘干→显色→轧氧化剂→烘干→印花→汽蒸→(氧化)→水洗→碱、皂洗→烘干<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;印花处方(%)<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;拔白&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;色拔<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;还原染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;——&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1~3<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;甘油&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 适量&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4~8<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;碳酸钾&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5~8&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 8~12<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;雕白粉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 15~25&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;12~20<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;黄糊精&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;——&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;40~50<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;印染胶—淀粉糊&nbsp;&nbsp;40~50&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ——<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;加水合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br /><br />分散-可溶性还原染料同浆印花&nbsp; &nbsp; 单独可溶性还原染料只宜做浅色印花,如采用与分散染料同浆印花,可做中、浅色印花,但不宜做深色印花。&nbsp; &nbsp; 一般可溶性还原染料采用氯酸钠-硫氰酸铵法,可一次固着,工艺程序较简便。 处方(%):&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 分散染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1-6&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 可溶性还原染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.5-3&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 尿素&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5-8&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 氯酸钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.5-1.5&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 硫氰酸铵&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1-2.5&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 钒酸铵(1%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;氨水(25%)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.5<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;海藻酸钠糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40—60<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 100<br />工艺程序:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 印花—烘干—热熔(180—190℃,2—3分钟)—水洗—皂洗—水洗—烘干<br />注意事项:<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 氯酸钠-硫氰酸铵法经过热熔后织物泛黄,影响色光鲜艳度,如果加入尿素,泛黄程度大有改善。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 氯酸钠、硫氰酸铵用量过多,使色光变萎,所以用量控制至最低限度,但不宜过低,防止发色不完全,影响给色量。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加入钒酸铵能提高给色量,但色光偏萎,应控制用量。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 分散染料与可溶性还原染料拼用的比例是1:1,2:1或3:2,可根据染料本身的浓度进行调节。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物印花烘干后应及时进行热熔,不宜搁置太久,否则影响给色量。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 热熔温度过高或时间过长,对绝大部分可溶性还原燃料会产生色萎现象。为使分散染料充分固着和可溶性还原染料发色完全,又不影响升华牢度和色光鲜艳度,必需适当控制热熔温度和时间。<br />分散染料印花<br />处方(%):<br />海藻酸钠糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40—60<br />防染盐S&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1<br />分散染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;X<br />六偏磷酸钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0.3<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;100<br />工艺程序:<br />印花—烘干—热熔(180—190℃,1.5—2min)—水洗—皂洗—水洗—烘干<br />注意事项:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ⑴ 溶解染料的温水应控制在45℃左右,不宜过高,否则分散体被破坏,染料凝聚成颗粒,印花时易产生色渍。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ⑵ 染料遇金属离子易生色变,也易使分散体破坏。因此调制色浆不宜用铁器,化料用水如含铁质,一般可加适量六偏磷酸钠进行络合。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; ⑶ 若干染料对PH值很敏感,一般将色浆PH调整在5—5.5范围内。如PH值低于3活高于10,能 引起染料变色或降低染料对涤纶纤维的上染,增加对棉纤维的沾污。所以单分散染料印花一般用乳酸或酒石酸调节PH值<br />⑷ 海藻酸钠糊中可拼用部分的乳化糊,但不宜过多,否则影响花型轮廓,且印花浆亦易被擦落。<br />⑸ 单分散染料印花色浆中不宜加尿素,否则加深对棉的沾污。<br />⑹ 单分散染料印花一般用于浅色,染料用量控制在1%以下,以看不出“银丝”现象为准。<br />白涂料印花<br />处方(%):<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 粘合剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 白涂料FTW&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 30—40<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 交联剂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 乳化糊A&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br />工艺程序及条件:<br />印花——烘干——固着(蒸化温度102—104℃,时间5—6min或焙烘温度140—150℃,时间3—5分钟)<br />涂料着色防染<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;工艺程序;<br />印花——烘干-蒸化-轧染-短蒸-透风-冷水洗-热水洗-皂洗-热水洗-冷水洗-烘干<br />注意事项;<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 涂料用量不高,花纹面积不大时,可以复烘代蒸化。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 如与防白浆同印,需经酸处理,涂料花纹不宜过大,否则影响牢度。<br />活性染料着色防染,&nbsp; &nbsp; 一般只用于还原染料染地色<br />色浆处方(%):<br />活性染料&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1-6<br />尿素&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2-5<br />小苏打&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1-2.5<br />防染盐S&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3-5<br />龙胶糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;X<br />锌氧粉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 10-16<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br />工艺程序:印花-烘干-蒸化-轧染-短蒸-冷水洗-热水洗-烘干-冷水洗-热水洗-皂煮-热水洗-冷水洗-烘干<br />注意事项;<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 蒸化后轧染前应复烘一次,防止渗化。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 活性染料在使用前应先做小样试验,因每只染料耐碱和耐还原性能不同,又与防白浆同印时因要酸洗。而耐酸性能亦不同,应特别注意。<br /><br />还原染料地色防染印花&nbsp;&nbsp;防白印花<br />防白浆处方(%):<br />氧化锌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 25-35<br />匀染剂O&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3<br />钛白粉(1:1)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10-15<br />明胶&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5<br />淀粉-龙胶糊&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;20-30<br />水&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X<br />合成&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100<br />工艺程序:印花-烘干(-汽蒸)-轧染-短蒸-冷水洗-温水洗-烘干-轧酸-冷水洗-热水洗-皂洗-水洗-烘干<br />注意事项:<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 调制防白浆时,氧化锌应加得慢,如加入过快易造成局部凝聚结冻现象。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 如防白浆内要加防染盐S,应与氧化锌分别溶解,防止相互作用。<br />显色<br />浸轧显色液,采用一浸一轧。蓝色盐VB显色时,其浓度应根据打底时所用的色酚用量而定,但是偶合比例则稍低于理论用量,一般约为色酚AS的1.5-1.6倍。染液中可加匀染剂O0.25-0.5g/L,染色效果更好。<br />显色液中抗碱剂硫酸锌的用量应根据花纹面积等具体条件而定。一般用量约为3-8g/L。轧液槽PH值不能太高,否则会影响防染效果,同时显色液的稳定性也差,但PH值又不能太低,否则影响偶合速率,使地色变淡。总的控制轧液糟的PH值在6-6.5,而配液槽的PH 值在5-5.5。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;后处理<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 短蒸:浸轧后短蒸10-20S,温度100-102℃。短蒸使偶合完全和地色浓艳。但较精细花纹,不宜采用短蒸,否则防染效果不良,可用透风使其充分偶合。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 酸处理:用来洗除多余的未偶合蓝色盐VB<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;硫酸(50°Be)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 30-40g/L <br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (或盐酸(19°Be)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30g/L<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 温度&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 90℃以上<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 时间&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;平洗槽一格或二格(视设备而定)<br />酸处理后再以一格或二格热水洗除酸液。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 亚硫酸氢钠处理:亚硫酸氢钠也用来洗除多余的为偶合蓝色盐VB。对于涂料着色防染织物,必须充分酸洗,水洗后再以亚硫酸氢钠处理。处理条件为:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;亚硫酸氢钠&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5-7g/L<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;温度&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 90℃以上<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;时间&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;平洗槽一格或二格<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 热水洗及皂煮:<br /> 肥皂&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 5g/L<br /> 纯碱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.5g/L<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;温度&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 90℃以上<br />时间&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 平洗槽二格 <br />未经亚硫酸氢钠充分处理,决不能进入皂洗或碱洗,否则残留布上的色酚再和蓝色盐VB偶合,造成严重罩色。&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />印花后整理<br />一旦织物经过筛网或滚筒印花,颜色即被定位在布上,还需要进一步处理以固色。<br />用作印花着色剂的染料,必须要能与纤维结合。把印花织物置于温度接近或有时超过水的沸点(高压汽蒸)的蒸汽中可进行固色;这一步工序称为蒸化。蒸化以后,织物要通过皂<br />浴以除去印花浆料和色浆配方中所用的其他物质。最后,织物经过几道水洗和干燥工序。在<br />印花工艺中需要消耗大量的水和热能。印花中使用的如果是颜料,而不是染料,织物需要经受高达约210℃的干热处理,以使固着涂料的树脂固化,这一步工序称为焙烘,不再需要进一步处理。用颜料而不是染料印花可节约大量的水和能源。纺织工业通常把用染料印花的织物称作湿印花布,而用颜料印花的织物称作干印花布。这是因为湿印花布需要蒸汽汽蒸,以及随后的水洗作为整个工艺的一部分。而另一方面印花布只需简单地进行干热焙烘作为着色工艺的一部分,不需要水洗处理。<br />印花织物的病疵<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印花拖浆(colordrag)<br />印花色浆干燥前由于受到摩擦而沾污。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 溅色(colorsplatter)<br />印花色浆不是平稳倒在织物上,而是泼在或溅在织物上,产生色点或溅色。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 图案模糊(fuzzypattern)<br />图案边缘不光洁、线条不清晰,大多数常由烧毛不当或色浆浓度不合适引起。<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 对花不准(off—register)<br />由于印花滚筒或筛网纵向排列没有对齐,导致前后花型对位不准确。这种缺陷也叫套色不准或图案移位。<br />5.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 停车印(stopmark)<br />由于印花机在印花过程突然停下,然后再开机,结果在织物上产生色条。<br />6.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 部分脆化(tenderspots) <br />在印花织物上,印有一种或多种颜色的地方常会受损,通常是由于在印花浆中的破坏性化学品使用过量。在拔染印花织物的拔印部位也可发现这个问题<br /><br />90年代以来,高新技术突飞猛进,大批新材料、新工艺相继出现,而且印染技术符合生态纺织品标准100的要求,迎合当今世界纺织品消费潮流,应用前景十分乐观。由于国外新型高分子材料的成功应用及其商业成本下降,新型粘合剂配以相关的糊料及助剂后,即使在真丝织物上,也能以适当的方法进行大面积印花染色,其成品手感、色泽鲜艳度均与染料印花或染色相似,真正做到了超级柔软的效果,扩大了应用范围。<br />特种印花:技术进一步开发与完善,有发泡立体印花、金银粉印花、珠光印花、闪烁印花、仿烂花印花、反光涂料印花、金属箔印花、涂料罩印、夜花印花、钻石印花、变色印花等。<br />  仿烂花印花:国外(日本、意大利、德国)开发的一种采用特殊的涂料印花浆,印制在织物上形成半透明效果的工艺。此印浆的主要组分为聚氨酯,它可以用在派力司织物、棉华尔纱、锦纶66及羊毛织物上,既可用在白地上,也可用在色地上,可增加织物的花色品种。<br />  金属箔印花:近年来在国内外市场上十分流行,多用于制作妇女的上衣或裙子、阿拉伯妇女的头巾等,具有富丽华贵之感。其工艺不太复杂,只是关键性的一种特殊粘合剂需要进口,且价格昂贵。目前该粘合剂已试制成功,效果与进口相似,成本只有进口的2/3。<br />  涂料罩印花:又称仿拔染印花,是指涂料以直接印花的方式,在染色织物上获得酷似拔染印花效果的方法。涂料罩印分白罩印和彩色罩印,前者技术比较成熟,应用比较多,后者虽有产品应市,但往往对地色的遮盖性以及与色涂料拼混时的发色性或者手感等问题不能很好解决,尤其是大红色相经常出现失真现象,即黄光大红变成带粉色的红相。解决办法应采用优质粘合剂,配以颜色失真度最小的底粉制成印花浆,可在深地色织物上印制出手感柔软、牢度好的仿拔染印花织物。<br />  闪烁印花:是在织物上印制带有闪烁金属光泽的花型,它能在一些起绒织物或轻薄织物、如乔其纱类织物上印制出闪烁金属光泽的效果,是提高纺织品附加值的一种新颖印花方法。<br />  涂料染色技术的新发展,除连续染色(轧染)和涂料浸染(匹染及成衣染色)方法的研究现应用比较活跃外,近年又发展了一些适合时尚、市场所需要的新工艺即涂料染色印花一步固色法(即涂料染色—烘干—印花—焙烘)和涂料染色整理一步法(即染色烘干后的织物经树脂、防水、拒水、阻燃、涂层等加工后再焙烘的工艺),可大大缩短工艺流程,节约能源,很有发展前途。<br /><br />四、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺计算<br /><br />1.产品加工种类分配数量表:<br />布种&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 序号&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 织物名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 幅宽/cm&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纱支/tex&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 密度<br />根/cm&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 年产量/百万米&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 无浆干重g/㎡&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 加工种类分配/百万米<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 经纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纬纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 经纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纬纱&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漂白&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印花<br />纯棉布25百万米每年&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 平布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 粗&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />140&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 42&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 42&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 228&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 204&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 180.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />10<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 中&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 29&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 29&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 236&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 236&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 135&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 细&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 267&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 236&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 96.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 细纺&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 377&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 346&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 纱府绸&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J16&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; J16&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 480&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 275&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 半线卡其&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 160&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 32&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 32&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 466&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 214&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 217.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2<br />涤棉混纺布10(百万米每年)涤:棉<br />65:35&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 细布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 433&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 299&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 99.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 府绸&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 523&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 283&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 110.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 卡其&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 100&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 520&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 275&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 160.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 床单布&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 140&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 566&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 283&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 214.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1<br /><br />7.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 选用的机器:<br />序号&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机器型号及名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 外 形 尺 寸<br />(长×宽×高)mm&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;备注<br />1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CMH003A两用气体烧毛机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 12800×4600×4000&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH042平幅退煮联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 38000×4800×4300&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ZLYP981平幅氧漂机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 29900×4000×4800&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMA047-280平幅练漂联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 56205×4120×5175&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH201C布铗丝光机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 49621×4330×5460&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH101-108轧水烘燥机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11655×4892×4800&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ZLRFDDF-981热风打底机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20707×5000×4800&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMA331圆网印花机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 21650×3370×3535&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH631-160红外烘燥机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11300×4500×3700&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MH685B-320焙烘机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10000×5370×4860&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />11&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MH253-180长环蒸化机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 18635×4370×5848&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />12&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH636B-180高效平幅皂洗机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 31905×4270×2146&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH711-180树脂整理联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 43000×4800×4100&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH703A-180快速树脂整理机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 37800×4300×3900&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ASM821预缩整理机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13000×4500×3500&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />16&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LM998拉幅定型机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 32255×4028×3500&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />17&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MH231-180三辊轧光机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4700×4640×3150&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />18&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LM882-180检布折布联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8000×2000×1500&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />19&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; M-492电动打包机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4000×2000×1500&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br /><br />五、设备选型及说明<br />1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备选型原则:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;设备选型应与工艺相适应,必须能满足工艺要求,而且在技术上可行,技术性合理。染整设备应是优质、高速、高效、节能、低耗、环保及能适应小批量多品种加工,一机多用。<br />2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 选择原则:<br />(1)、根据工艺要求选择设备。<br />(2)、根据设备性能选择设备。<br />(3)、根据产品数量、质量要求选择设备。<br />3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备的配置计算:<br />设备的计算台数=年加工量/设备工艺设计年产量<br />设备的生产能力=车速×生产时间<br />每昼夜运转时间=8h×运转班数×有效时间系数(每天运转三班),一年以250天生产时间计算<br />4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备配置计算表:<br />序号&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机器名称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 车速(m/min)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有效时间系数&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 每日生产能力(万米)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 每日生产任务(万米)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机器台数&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机器负荷率(%)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 每日运转班小时数&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 备注<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 机械车速&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺车速&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 计算台数&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 安装台数&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CMHOO3A-180<br />两用气体烧毛机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80—150&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 100&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 65&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH047平幅退浆煮练机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50—80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.87&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 87&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ZLYP981<br />平幅氧漂机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20—70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 55&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.89&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 89&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMA047-280平幅练漂联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 15—40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 30&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 77&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH201C布铗丝光机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80—120&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 90&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMA101-108轧水烘燥机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 35—70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 63&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ZLRFDDF-981热风打底机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50—70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMA331<br />圆网印花机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH631-160红外烘燥机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40—70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 55&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MH685B-320<br />焙烘机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20—70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />12&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MH253-100长环蒸化机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 25—40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 30&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.87&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 87&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />12&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH636B-180<br />高效平幅皂洗机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />13&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH711-180树脂整理联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 35-70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 85&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LMH703A-180快速树脂整理机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 35-70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 60&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.83&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 83&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ASMA821<br />预缩整理机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10-70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />16&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LM998<br />拉幅定型机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 15-100&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />17&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MA231-180<br />三辊轧光机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 25-75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 70&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />18&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LM882-180<br />检布折布联合机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.75&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />19&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; M492<br />电动打包机&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24(包/h)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />六、车间布置与设备排列及生活附房<br /><br />1、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 车间布置原则:<br /><br />(1)、车间的进出口要接近有关仓库,但不能太近,既方便运送又可以防火灾。<br />(2)、各个车间之间要有明显的界线,便于管理和生产。<br />(3)、车间的布置应有利于各产品加工顺序的顺畅,运输方便。<br />(4)、辅助设施要靠近主机台<br /><br />2、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备排列要求:<br />(1)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 生产线顺畅<br />(2)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 能缩短制品的运输距离<br />(3)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 同类型号的设备宜尽可能的排在一起。<br />(4)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备四周留空距离合理。设备距墙0.7米左右,进落布架距地面高4米以上,通道单向1.2米左右,双向2.2米左右。<br />(5)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有关工序之间必须留有一定面积堆放制品。<br /><br />3、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 厂房设计方案:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 综合前面的工艺设计和设备型号的选择,本设计采用单层锯齿厂房,跨度16米,柱距10米,以便于安装设备。<br />4、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印染厂附房<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 附房是专门指那些分布在生产区内的附属房屋。其作用是满足生产需要,保证车间生产的正常进行。附房一般有以下两种<br />(1)、生产性附房:包括碱回收站、调浆室、雕刻室、试化实验室、空压室、制冷室、高温热源、机修间、空调间、控制室等。<br />(2)、生活性附房:包括车间办公室、会议室、休息室、更衣室、车间室、车间厕所、车间食堂等。<br />生产性附房:<br />⑴碱回收站:丝光后的淡碱液,其浓度为4%—5%,如不加以回收利用,就会造成很大的浪费,增加成本,并且严重影响污水的生化处理,提高污水处理费用。<br />⑵练漂、染浆调配室:在印染加工过程中,需要有一定浓度的各种化学溶液,染液,浆液等。其中包括煮练液、退浆液、漂白液、硫酸液、丝光液、显色液、加白液、树脂液、上浆液等。调配间地面和墙要考虑防酸、碱腐蚀,地面要有一定坡度,以利于排水。漂液调配中双氧水调配一般设在机台旁,而次氯酸钠,亚氯酸钠调配宜布置在机台附近的单独房间内。 染料调配中,卷染机所需要的染料一般均在机台旁调配,不宜另配房间。<br />⑶调浆减:调浆间是印花车间调配印花用浆的地方。一般设染化料库称料室,染料研磨室、原糊制备、色浆调制、基本色浆储藏和色基金重氮化等几个部分。调浆室的位置应靠近印花机。<br />⑷雕刻室:雕刻间最多由花筒雕刻、平网制版、圆网雕刻三部分组成。<br />⑸试、化验室:试验室的全称为物理实验室,它的主要任务是负责半制品、成品的个种染色牢度和物理机械性能的检验。实验室应设在整装车间附近,便于取样并及时试验。<br />⑹空气压缩站:空气压缩站是用以提供个轧车部分所需要的空气。<br />⑺高温热源:印染厂中,高温热源是指除常压蒸汽之外所需的热源。<br />⑻制冰间:主要用于供应重氮化的显色崖所需要冰及回收丝光碱液所需的冷却水,还用于制冰糕等福利项目。<br />⑼机修保全:它的主要任务就是负责部分配件的加工制造和修复,以及本厂技术设施项目的材料加工。<br />生活性附房:<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;⑴ 车间办公室的使用面积,按设计的车间干部人数每人3.5—4.5㎡计算。生产车间内应设置更衣室。<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;⑵ 车间会议,休息室按设计编制车间在册职工总人数的93%计算,建筑面积定额按每人平均0.6㎡计算。<br />⑶车间厕所的设计不应过于集中,且与作业地点的距离不宜太远,其服务的半径一般不大于75米。<br />⑷最大女工人数在100人以上的印染厂,应按照有关规定,单独设置有专人管理的妇女卫生间。<br />⑸若设计车间餐厅时,其使用面积可按一个运班人数的每人0.6㎡计算。<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />目录<br />一、&nbsp;&nbsp;总论<br /><br />二、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工厂规模及设计方案<br /><br />三、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 重点工艺分析<br /><br />四、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 工艺计算<br /><br />五、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 设备选型及说明<br /><br />六、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 车间与设备排列及生活用房<br /><br />七、&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 感谢词<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />感谢词:<br /><br /><br />&nbsp; &nbsp;这里我真诚感谢在我三年的大学生活中的任课老师,感谢他们教给我这些宝贵的<br />知识,是他们孜孜不倦的教诲才有我今天的成就。在这里我特别感谢我的毕业设计指导老师:李远惠老师。<br />友情最珍贵!感谢我的舍友胡薇、杨丽君、易泳杏、陈德平,她们在学习和生活上热心帮助,并在论文写作过程中提出宝贵的意见和给予无私的帮助。是她们,让我体会到一个集体的凝聚力,让我学会在挫折中依然选择坚强。
8
发表于 2007-10-12 18:39 | 只看该作者
我是大三的一学生,现在马上毕业,需要一篇好的毕业论文,有谁可以帮忙的!<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;我在这诚谢了!!<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 不希望是百度里的,我已经到里面看了,没什么好的!<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;有哪位同事盟友能帮下忙,我这拜下了!<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;可以的话能发到我的邮箱里!!!<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:guojiang88882006@163.com">guojiang88882006@163.com</a>
9
发表于 2008-1-12 15:37 | 只看该作者

有没有针织物面料跟单论文,设计针织物染色,整理等,

发到我邮箱zhangyongfei2468@163.com,非常感谢!
10
发表于 2008-4-17 22:22 | 只看该作者

求助染整方面的论文

要毕业了,论文不知咋写,各位好心人帮下我吧,我的邮箱是lokexiang@163.com谢谢了
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